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OP-3073Partially solvedQuantum information

Operational memory detection and compression

For a specified set of multi-time interventions, determine optimal tests for quantum memory and the minimal memory dimension or simulation cost needed to reproduce the accessible statistics within error ε\varepsilon.

Source-reported statusAs of 2026-09-04Source & evidence ↓

Problem statement

For a specified set of multi-time interventions, determine optimal tests for quantum memory and the minimal memory dimension or simulation cost needed to reproduce the accessible statistics within error ε\varepsilon.

Lean 4

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Background

Different quantum memory criteria probe different data. CP-divisibility concerns a family of reduced maps; homogeneous semigroup embeddability concerns a time-independent generator; process-tensor Markovianity concerns statistics under interventions. Their inequivalence is not itself a missing definition.

What is known: The main proposals include CP-divisibility of the dynamical map (Rivas–Huelga–Plenio measure), information backflow measured by non-monotonicity of trace distance / distinguishability (Breuer–Laine–Piilo measure), negativity of decay rates in the canonical master equation, and growth of system–environment correlations. These measures disagree — a process can be non-Markovian by one and Markovian by another. A more complete, operationally grounded framework is the process tensor / quantum stochastic process formalism (Pollock–Rodríguez-Rosario–Frauenheim–Paternostro–Modi; Costa–Shrapnel), which treats multi-time statistics under interventions and gives a genuine quantum generalization of the Kolmogorov extension theorem and a clear Markov condition.

Published progress (August 2026; preprint February 2026): Kattemölle, Gulácsi and Burkard show that Pauli twirling can map divisible noise to a channel not embeddable in a Pauli semigroup. For positive nondegenerate Pauli eigenvalues, negative Pauli–Lindblad parameters diagnose failure of the specified semigroup criterion. This is not automatically a witness of multi-time memory in an implemented intervention process.

Pollock et al.'s operational Markov condition is already necessary and sufficient within its process framework. The open quantitative questions concern restricted experimental access, finite-sample witnesses, and matching upper/lower bounds on memory compression or simulation error. State whether the target norm controls all admissible interventions or only a restricted set. Related: O4, O9, C9.

Progress & source assessment

Source catalogue review: 4 September 2026. Improved indicates partial progress, including qualified preprint claims.

References
  1. [1]Breuer, Laine, Piilo, Vacchini, 'Colloquium: Non-Markovian dynamics in open quantum systems', Rev. Mod. Phys. 88, 021002 (2016) link
  2. [2]Pollock, Rodríguez-Rosario, Frauenheim, Paternostro, Modi, 'Non-Markovian quantum processes: complete framework and efficient characterisation', PRA 97, 012127 (2018) link
  3. [3]Pollock et al., 'Operational Markov condition for quantum processes', PRL 120, 040405 (2018) link
  4. [4]Kattemölle, Gulácsi & Burkard, 'Non-Markovianity induced by Pauli twirling', npj Quantum Information (2026) link

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