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OP-3998Status unassessedDynamical systems

Density of hyperbolicity in the Mandelbrot set

TheoremDB P9032 · Candidate awaiting source review

Inferred from the community field; finer classification has not been reviewed.

Source candidate · not reviewedAs of 2026-09-08Source & evidence ↓

Problem statement

For each complex parameter cc, let fc:C→Cf_c : \mathbb{C} \to \mathbb{C} be the quadratic polynomial defined by fc(z)=z2+cf_c(z) = z^2 + c. A point z∈Cz \in \mathbb{C} is said to be part of an attracting cycle of period mm of fcf_c if m>0m > 0, fc[m](z)=zf_c^{[m]}(z) = z (where fc[m]f_c^{[m]} denotes the mm-fold iterate of fcf_c), the iterate fc[m]f_c^{[m]} is complex-differentiable at zz, and the operator norm of its derivative at zz satisfies ∥deriv(fc[m])(z)∥<1\| \mathrm{deriv}(f_c^{[m]})(z) \| < 1. The Mandelbrot set is the set of all parameters c∈Cc \in \mathbb{C} for which the orbit of 00 under fcf_c does not escape to infinity, or equivalently, for which ∥fc[k](0)∥≤2\|f_c^{[k]}(0)\| \leq 2 for all k≥0k \geq 0. Prove that the set of parameters cc for which fcf_c has an attracting cycle is dense in the Mandelbrot set.

Lean 4

No Lean submitted

Formal statement

Lean 4
theorem density_of_hyperbolicity :
    mandelbrotSet ⊆ closure {c | ∃ m z, IsAttractingCycle (fun z ↦ z ^ 2 + c) m z}

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Proofs & verification

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Progress & source assessment

Source-reported assessment, retrieved 8 September 2026. Frontier Science has not independently reviewed this status.

Open. No signed Lean verification is attached to this problem or its selected resolution.

This record is in the source backlog; its novelty and unresolved status have not passed source review.

References
  1. [1]TheoremDB P9032 link
  2. [2]Source formal statement (not locally verified) link

Recorded progress

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