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OP-6835Status unassessedAlgorithms and data structures

The Černý Conjecture on Synchronizing Words

TheoremDB P9580 · Candidate awaiting source review

Inferred from the community field; finer classification has not been reviewed.

Source candidate · not reviewedAs of 2026-09-08Source & evidence ↓

Problem statement

A deterministic finite automaton (DFA) is a tuple M=(Q,Σ,δ)M = (Q, \Sigma, \delta) where QQ is a finite set of states, Σ\Sigma is an alphabet, and δ:Q×Σ→Q\delta : Q \times \Sigma \to Q is a transition function. A synchronizing word (or reset word) for a DFA is a word w∈Σ∗w \in \Sigma^* such that there exists a single state p∈Qp \in Q with the property that reading ww from any state q∈Qq \in Q leads to pp; formally, δ∗(q,w)=p\delta^*(q, w) = p for all q∈Qq \in Q, where δ∗\delta^* denotes the extension of δ\delta to words. A DFA is called synchronizing if it admits at least one synchronizing word. Prove or disprove: For every synchronizing DFA with nn states, there exists a synchronizing word of length at most (n−1)2(n - 1)^2.

Lean 4

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Formal statement

Lean 4
theorem cerny_conjecture :
    answer(sorry) ↔ ∀ {α : Type*} {σ : Type*} [Fintype σ] (M : DFA α σ) (hM : M.IsSynchronizing) ,
    ∃ w : List α, M.IsSynchronizingWord w ∧ w.length ≤ (Fintype.card σ - 1)^2

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Progress & source assessment

Source-reported assessment, retrieved 8 September 2026. Frontier Science has not independently reviewed this status.

Open. No signed Lean verification is attached to this problem or its selected resolution.

This record is in the source backlog; its novelty and unresolved status have not passed source review.

References
  1. [1]TheoremDB P9580 link
  2. [2]Source formal statement (not locally verified) link

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